Journal of Mechanical Engineering (JMechE) follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines, whereby journal editors should consider retraction of a publication if they have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error); the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication); as well as plagiarism and unethical research cases detected. JMechE aims to digitally archive all published articles, especially in the National Library of Malaysia. All JMechE articles will be deposited at the National Repository under the Deposit of Library Material Act 1986.